Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn)
What is vitamin K deficiency bleeding?
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is a bleeding problem that occurs in a newborn during the first few days of life. VKDB was previously called hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
What causes vitamin K deficiency bleeding?
Babies are normally born with low levels of vitamin K, an essential factor in blood clotting. A deficiency in vitamin K is the main cause of VKDB.
Who is affected by vitamin K deficiency bleeding?
Vitamin K deficiency may result in bleeding in a very small percentage of babies. Babies at risk for developing vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) include the following:
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Babies who do not receive preventive vitamin K in an injection at birth
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Exclusively breastfed babies (breast milk contains less vitamin K than cow's milk formula.)
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Babies whose mothers have seizure disorders and take anticonvulsant medications
Why is vitamin K deficiency bleeding a concern?
Without the clotting factor, bleeding occurs, and severe bleeding or hemorrhage can result.
What are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency bleeding?
The following are the most common symptoms of VKDB. However, each baby may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
The symptoms of VKDB may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your baby's doctor for a diagnosis.
How is vitamin K deficiency bleeding diagnosed?
In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, a diagnosis is based on the signs of bleeding and by laboratory tests for blood clotting times.
Treatment for vitamin K deficiency bleeding
Specific treatment for VKDB will be determined by your baby's doctor based on:
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Your baby's gestational age, overall health, and medical history
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Extent of the disease
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Your baby's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
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Expectations for the course of the disease
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Your opinion or preference
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends giving every newborn baby an injection of vitamin K after delivery to prevent this potentially life-threatening disease.
If bleeding occurs, vitamin K is also given. Blood transfusions may also be needed if bleeding is severe.